Električni i elektronički otpad, globalne inicijative

undergraduate thesis

• Author: Katarina Vasilj
• Mentor: Ivana Bolanča Mirković (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Brozović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Miroslav Mikota (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Bolanča-Mirković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Graphic Arts; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2009-00-00, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Graphic Technology

Abstract

Električni i elektronički otpad sadrži visok udjel opasnih tvari, pa ukoliko se njime ne gospodari na pravilan način može uzrokovati poremećaje u okolišu. Elektronički ili EE-otpad je opći naziv koji obuhvaća različitu električnu i elektroničku opremu koja je prestala biti od ikakve vrijednosti za svog korisnika. Danas se mali postotak elektroničke opreme reciklira, dok se ostalo deponira ili izvozi. Dizajn za okoliš je takav način dizajniranja proizvoda kod kojeg se od samo početka dizajnira u skladu s okolišem - povoljan izbor materijala, gospodarstveni odnos prema resursima, smanjenje otpada, mogućnost ponovne uporabe korištenog proizvoda, te manji utjecaj proizvodnje na okoliš. Bolje gospodarenje materijalom podrazumijeva proces u kojem se omogućuje ponovna proizvodnja, recikliranje te povrat energije. Recikliranje predstavlja ponovnu uporabu iskorištenih materijala i proizvoda u istu ili različitu svrhu, s ili bez prethodne dorade. Četiri su osnovne metode reciklaže elektroničkog otpada: rastavljanje, mehanički postupci, kemijski postupci i toplinski procesi. EE-otpadom se kroz razne inicijative pokušalo upravljati. Najistaknutija globalna inicijativa usmjerena na rješavanje pitanja EE-otpada je Baselska konvencija i Baselska zabrana. Međutim Europska unija također donosi Direktivu o EE-otpadu, koja nameće kao dužnost, proizvođačima i uvoznicima, država članica, da uzimaju natrag svoje proizvode od potrošača, te na taj način pokušava osigurati ekološki sigurno odlaganje. U Hrvatskoj međutim zakon o EE-otpadu je relativno mlad, proces usklađivanja hrvatskih propisa s europskim nije lagan, a ni jednostavan. Elektronički uređaji sadrže u sebi čitav niz različitih materijala, neki od njih su nakon uporabnog vijeka uređaja ponovno iskoristivi, dok ostale tvari mogu biti vrlo štetne ako se s elektroničkim otpadom ne postupi pravilno. Ako se EE-otpadom raspolaže bez ikakve kontrole, predvidivi su negativni utjecaji na okolinu i ljudsko zdravlje. Kako bi se spriječio štetan utjecaj opasnih tvari iz EE-otpada na okoliš i zdravlje ljudi, vrlo je bitno da se taj otpad sakuplja i zatim zbrinjava na ekološki prihvatljiv način.

Abstract (english)

WEEE contains a high level of hazardous substances, and if it's not managed properly it can cause disturbances in the environment. Electronic or WEEE is a general term which includes different electrical and electronic equipment that has ceased to be of any value to their customers. Today, small percentage of electronic equipment are recycled, while other are exported or on a depot. Design for environment is a way of designing products in which from the very beginning the product is designed in harmony with the environment - a favorable choice of materials, economic way of using resources, reduce waste, the possibility of reuse of used products, and lower production impact on the environment. Better material management implies a process which enables the re-manufacturing, recycling and energy return. Recycling is the reuse of used materials and products in the same or a different purpose, with or without seed processing. There are four basic methods of recycling electronic waste: dismantling, mechanical processes, chemical processes and thermal processes. There have been various attempts at managing WEEE. The most prominent global initiatives aimed at addressing issues of EE-waste are the Basel Convention and the Basel ban. However, the European Union introduces a WEEE Directive, which imposes as a duty, manufacturers and importers, the member states to take back their products from consumers, and thus trying to ensure the environmentally safe disposal. In Croatia, however, the Law on WEEE is relatively young, the process of harmonization of Croatian legislation with European is not easy nor simple. Electronic devices contain a number of different materials, some of them are re-useable after end-of-life of the device, while other substances may be very harmful if the electronic waste does not act properly. If the WEEE is disposed without any control, negative impacts on the environment and human health are predictable. In order to prevent harmful effects of hazardous substances from the WEEE on the environment and human health, it is very important that collecting and then disposal of this kind of waste is in an environmentally sound manner.

• Keywords: EE-otpad; Recikliranje; Dizajn za recikliranje; Direktiva o EE-otpadu Europske unije; Sustav upravljanja EE-otpadom; EPR - Proširena odgovornost proizvođača; Program take-back; Globalne inicijative
• Keywords (english): Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment; recycling; Design for recycling; The WEEE Directive; Waste management system; Extended producer responsibility; Product take-back program; Global initiatives
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:216:275585
• Study programme: Title: Printing technology, course Technical - technological; Course: Graphic technology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka grafičke tehnologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka grafičke tehnologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2024-04-16 21:18:58