| Sažetak | U posljednje vrijeme ekološka održivost tiskane kartonske ambalaže kao i sigurnost,
posebno one za prehrambene i farmaceutske proizvode, značajno je područje istraživanja.
Kako osigurati upotrebljivu ambalažu i ujedno zaštiti okoliš, proizvod, zdravlje i sigurnost
potrošača, uključujući najbolje dostupne tehnologije, zatvoreni kružni tok, protok energije i
materijala, temelj je održivog razvoja i unutar toga ekološke održivosti. Upravo zato
neophodna su istraživanja i razvoj počevši od održivog grafičkog dizajna i materijala preko
proizvodnje, tiska na ambalaži, doradnih procesa te korištenja i zbrinjavanja iskorištenog
proizvoda.
U ovom radu izvršena istraživanja su koncipirana uz podršku eksperimentalnog dizajna.
Uzorci za istraživanje otisnuti su u ofsetnoj tehnici tiska i dijele se u 18 serija u ovisnosti o
korištenim grafičkim materijalima. Koriste se kombinacije varijabli kako slijedi: kartoni
(reciklirana i djevičanska vlakana te FSC vlakna i alge iz Jadranskog mora), bojila (bez
mineralnih ulja koja se razlikuju po udjelu obnovljive sirovine i inventivnoj kombinaciji
smola/ulje te bojilo na osnovi mineralnog ulja), lakovi (vodo-disperzivni, UV sušeći lak i
nelakirani otisci). Istražuje se utjecaj definiranih uvjeta okoliša (utjecaj sunčevog zračenja
kroz staklo, dinamikom od 7, 14, 28, 56 i 112 dana tijekom ljeta) na neka optička svojstva za
separacije CMYK bojila za otiske punog tona, 70 %, 50 % i 30 % RTV. Osim toga utvrđuje
se utjecaj izlaganja otisaka ubrzanom termičkom starenju u zraku bez/sa NO2 u
koncentracijama 100 ppm i 800 ppm dinamikom od 1 do 5 dana. Treća cjelina odnosi se na
utvrđivanje efikasnosti procesa povrata iskorištenih vlakanaca i određivanje karakteristika
listova dobivenih od oporabljenih vlakanaca. Za statističku obradu podataka koristi se više
faktorska analiza varijanci.
Rezultatima dobivenim mjerenjem relevantnih optičkih pokazatelja, dokazane su
promjene nastale korištenjem bojila inovativnog sastava uključujući udjel i vrstu obnovljive
sirovine u kombinaciji s kartonima s alternativnom sirovinom-zelenom algom iz Jadranskog
mora. Pri valorizaciji promjena u kromatskim karakteristikama otisaka sa separacijama
CMYK bojila u ovisnosti o RTV (100 %, 70 %, 50 % i 30 %) definiran je utjecaj interakcije
bojilo/podloga, dinamika i specifičnosti izlaganja otisaka sunčevom zračenju kroz prozorsko
staklo i ubrzanom termičkim starenjem bez/sa NO2. Laboratorijski izrađeni listovi od
vlakanca dobivenim oporabom otisaka metodom u tri faze imaju zadovoljavajuća svojstva,
koja se očekuju od ekološko prihvatljivog papira. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The environmental sustainability of cardboard packaging as well as safety, especially
those for food and pharmaceutical products is a recently significant area of research. How to
provide usable packaging and protect the environment, product, health and consumer safety,
including the best available technologies, closed circular flow, energy and material flow at the
same time, is the basis for sustainable development and with in ecological sustainability. That
is the reason why researches and development are necessary starting with sustainable graphic
design and materials, production, printing on packaging, finishing processes, use and disposal
of the product used.
The researches carried out in this paper were conceived with the support of
experimental design. Samples for research are printed in offset printing. A special printing
form is designed that contains the following printing elements: a standard CMYK stapler
wedge ranging from 10 % to 100 % RTV values, a color illustration of the packaging product
and a standard wedge of 378 fields for ICC profiles.
Samples are divided into 18 series depending of the used graphical material. Various
combinations of variables are used: cartons (recycled and virgin fibers and FSC fibers and
algae from the Adriatic Sea), inks (without mineral oils differing in the proportion of
renewable raw materials and inventive combination of resin / oil and mineral oil based inks),
varnishes (water-dispersive varnish, UV cured varnish, and non-varnishes prints).
The first part of the research: Determining the impact of defined environmental
conditions on ΔL *, Δa *, Δb * and ΔE * for the separation of CMYK ink full tone, 70 %, 50
% and 30 % RTV, including all series of measurements. Samples are exposed to the effect of
solar radiation through the windows glass at a dynamic of 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112 days during
the summer. By using experimental design, statistical models are created and relevant
meteorological factors are also taken into account.
The second part of the research: Exposure of the imprints to accelerated thermal ageing
at air without NO2 presence and with it. The prints are exposed at concentrations of 100 and
800 ppm of NO2 with a dynamics of 1 to 5 days. The colorimetric characteristics of the prints
ΔL *, Δa *, Δb * and ΔE * are determined for the separation of CMYK ink, for full tone
printing, 70 %, 50 % and 30 % of RTV values. Using statistical methods, the impact of
defined variables on the experimental unit property is monitored.The third part of the research refers to the efficiency of reusing of prints and the
determination of optical characteristics of handsheets made from recovered fibers including
image analysis, brightness and effective resional ink concentration.
For statistical data processing a multifactorial analysis of variances is used.
The results obtained by measuring the relevant optical parameters have been demonstrated by
changes in the use of innovative inks composition including the share and type of renewable
raw material combined with cardboard with alternative raw material - green algae from the
Adriatic Sea. When evaluating changes in chromatographic characteristics of CMYK color
separation prints depending on RTV (100 %, 70 %, 50 % and 30 %), the influence of inks /
substrate interaction, dynamic and specificity of exposure to sunlight exposure through
window glass and accelerated thermal aging without or with NO2. Laboratory handsheets
made of fibers obtained by the recovery of prints by the three-phase method have satisfactory
properties, expected from ecologically acceptable paper.
Using multivariate analysis, conclusions are drawn in the context of optimization of research
processes and new formulations of some graphic materials and are particularly important in
the design of environmentally sustainable graphical products. |
